The use of the nursing process helps in making and planning a good, clear, and effective nursing care that is finally effective for improvement of the quality of patients’ care. In the United States, all nursing students who are enrolled in the first year of nursing are trained using this model. Nursing process is now running as a standard for nursing in healthcare systems in most developed countries. Therefore, although the chambers (steps) seem to be independent from each other, they eventually interact with each other and are not separated. The relationship between the six steps of nursing process can be compared to a large container with six chambers, in which each chamber is connected with others through a window. It should be noted that the different phases of the nursing process are not separated. Over time, various authors and scholars have proposed different forms of the nursing process, but the latest is the six-step nursing process as a step provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA) that was based on evaluation and recognition, nursing diagnosis, specifying the objectives and expected outcomes, as well as planning, implementation, and evaluation. Following the efforts made in this regard, in 1961, Orlando presented three steps to implement nursing care based on the nursing process, including client's behavior, reaction of the nurse, and nursing actions. In 1955, Hall used the term “nursing process” and argued that by applying the nursing process as a framework for patients’ caring, the nursing care can be fully offered to patients.
#NURSING PROCESS 3 CRSSWORD PROFESSIONAL#
Despite the high values of these theories, medical experts found that the use of these models was not sufficient for professional development of nursing and there was a need for a framework dedicated to nursing, which represented the nursing profession as a unique field.
In this period, experts on nursing science emphasized clinical models instead of models based on the medical profession for the development of nursing, and thus, the use of some theories such as Maslow theory of human motivation and hierarchy of basic human needs, Erickson's theory of psychosocial personality development, and Selye's theory of physiologic stress adaption started to be considered more. Decade of 1950 in Europe coincided with a period during which nursing was gradually modified from hospital-based to university-based profession and became an independent medical field.
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